FMK Software Solutions - Website designing company in Chennai, Offshore software development, Website development company chennai, chennai based webde

Web design is the most important thing, and the development site. It not only can help you provide a good visual, but also provides a good stability and user-friendly navigation.

Site layout must be structured and organized. The CSS must be used to maintain the site. DIV format is desirable to use a table format, as more than a browser is compatible with the format of div.

The use of images in the design of not more than, as this may delay the loading page.

You can use Photoshop or other tools to create pre-cut into the HTML format of the actual web design prototypes.

Flash content provides more smoothness in the design

This css can be changed whenever possible and allows the designer to change the color and style of the website easily.

The color selection must be based on the website business.

The Creativity, Inspiration section includes annotated links to articles and tutorials on creativity, inspiration, creative Web site design, managing creativity, creative thinking ideas, inspirational brainstorming tutorials, creative ideas, and also inspirational websites, brainstorming software, mindmapping software, and more to help inspire your creative juices, workflow, and work with managing creativity.

A link on your site navigation will largely determine the site of the viscous effects (how long you stay in the root, and explore your website). Ask yourself, what visitors, as soon as they open your site? They may read the contents of this page, and then look around and find any other pages of interest.

A site that is easy-to-use always encourages visitors to stay and read your content. For site with long pages of content this is very crucial as the amount of scrolling required is reduced. Suppose your site doesn't look good for a particular resolution it is very probable that the visitor will close the browser window feeling that the web page is not for their viewing. Designing stretch layouts that fit any screen resolution ensures that you know all your visitors see a visually appealing and professional site.

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Posted in: css tutorial| Tags: Software Website Format company web design site development creativity chennai

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Create Chm HTML Help Files Easily

Easily Create .CHM Files

Easily Create .CHM Files

Introduction HTML Help CHM format
Nowadays, HTML Help CHM is the standard help format used in most modern Windows applications. An HTML Help system is completely stand-alone and can be distributed as a single file (for example, "My_Help_File.CHM"). Thus, a CHM file is practically a kind of the portable formats for technical documentation, which can be opened on all Windows PCs since Windows 98. Thus, any Windows user will be able to open such a file under Windows 98, ME, 2000, XP, and the latest Vista operating system as well.
CHM HTML Help file contains all the functionality to provide end users with easy Nabigetochutoriaru. Everyone of us, it probably is a table of contents, alphabetical index and search capabilities, a navigation pane on the left, position from the text of the topic that you are familiar with HTML Help Viewer Help.

How do I create CHM HTML Help Files?

In fact, there are tools on the market, from the original application to complex, expensive system for preparation of technical documentation, support for HTML Help output format. However, the software common problem is that they are not intuitive and slow interface, complexity, and about 999 or more for each permit a high price! In addition, you must have spent in learning tools, even before the establishment of software products for your simple CHM files a lot of time. Now you might ask, if there is another solution, so that the clearing-house mechanism to help to create an easy process. Fortunately, the answer is "yes."
HelpSmith has an alternative vision of creating CHM Help. If you download and try HelpSmith available on the vendor's web site, you will be surprised by its straightforward and easy-to-use user interface. There's actually NO learning curve like in many other help authoring products making you spend hours to figure out how to add new help topic. Once you have installed HelpSmith on your computer, you can type "Hello, World", click a button and here is it - your first help file in the HTML Help format. Then you can easily add new help topics, create hyperlinks, help windows, insert graphical files and everything the HTML Help system allows you to do; the process of working is actually as simple as working with Microsoft Office applications.

Creating CHM Files with HelpSmith
HelpSmith you can easily create CHM HTML Help files. Based on the WYSIWYG (

Microsoft HHC.EXE compiler
CHM file format that is not open. So how do third-party products, you can create it? As with other help authoring tools, HelpSmith from the source project to create a CHM file using a compiler HHC.EXE help. Free HHC.EXE HTML Help Compiler can be downloaded from the website of the product, Microsoft HTML Help Workshop is available in the package. Once the HTML Help Workshop, you HelpSmith HHC.EXE and to link, please follow these simple steps: Installed

• Choose "OptionsTools" from the menu.


• Select "GeneralCompilers" on the left sidebar.


• Specify the full path to the "HHC.EXE" file on your computer (for example, "c:Program FilesHTML Help WorkshopHHC.exe").


• Click the OK button to save the changed parameters.

HHC.EXE compiler installation and working process is completely transparent to you, make it a breeze to create an information clearing-house mechanism of the HTML help documentation.

Posted in: html tutorial| Tags: Windows Format Help system documentation files file html easily chm

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Building Internet Pages in Kompozer Templates

We should know about templates before learning about kompozer templates.

What is a template?
There is no difference between a skeleton and a letterhead, the templates are identical in their structure as well as graphically depicted. The same template can all be used on a website. The most common presentation is an unknown quantity.
One part of the templates is the boilerplate that cannot be modified for any page and other part can altered be or modified.
Now we know about template, let us discuss about Kompozer templates .

What do you mean by a kompozer template?

We can say that kompozer templates, the next step of the template
The KompoZer standard flow objects are in-line to the other parts. When some groups of words or lines modified, then we can say that is an example of flow objects.

What are the ways that can be used to prepare a kompozer templates?
It is necessary to open a blank template to create a template. By default, all the templates are created with transitional HTML.
Common elements have been added. Save your template, before the format before, or to proceed to develop the style sheet format for Kompozer template. You must include changes place. Add a virtual data to complete the page layout. These data can be edited later.
Go to file and click save to and give a template file name and your kompozer template is saved. This your HTML file.
You can create the video tutorial for kompozer from handling, the learning step by step learning process for kompozer templates and much more.

Editing Blocks
You can mark a block, only need to choose their editing. You can choose to look at the HTML markup. When you right-click the HTML tags, you choose to make template editing
Name the block, by going to 'insert an editable area' and select ok
Edit the flow items
Highlight the items that you want to edit. Use insert templates, Insert editable area. Save it after naming the block.

How will you use Kompozer templates?
A template should be saved and closed first in order to create a page based on it.
The pages generated by KompoZer standards created in HTML, is an important thing to note. XHTML document using a template can be created. Save standards, such as *. MZT.

Creating a page:
Select create new document with template in a file to create a page.
The document will contain the boiler plates, the labels and the sample text.
Delete the sample text and fill the new text. After saving the page, you can edit with menu commands.

Therefore, kompozer template, you can easily create and modify. The video tutorials can help http://kompozer-nvu.info found kompozer your details, you can also learn you create these templates. If you are satisfied to see the video, you can purchase the product.

To uncover more about Kompozer templates in a 12 part video course on Kompozer Templates Click Here

Posted in: html tutorial| Tags: Internet Format page part step html template building flow kompozer

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All you Need to Know About Rss

What does RSS mean?

RSS may mean three different things. The original RSS (RDF Site Summary RSS 0.9) was developed by Dan Libby for Netscape. After a few months, they produced a simpler and easier to use version of Rich Site Summary or RSS 0.91 times. But they later lost interest, so that without an owner. As more and more users were using RSS feeds, Winer has an adapted version of RSS 0.91 for Userland, claiming it as his own. Later in 2005, Microsoft developed Really Simple Syndication in relation to its Simple Sharing Extensions.

What is RSS?

RSS is a syndicated content and news in the XML file format. It is commonly used sites, often need to be updated regularly, such as news websites (CNN, BBC and Reuters) and weblogs content. Because it essentially gives the pages more traffic, are now more widespread use of marketing, online publications and virus reports. Today, large and small sites often have turned to RSS technology.

For example, you are an avid baseball fan, you want to share a little about one of the most recent players. The above things, you can also attach multimedia files, such as video or pictures. By using RSS feeds, other Internet users to subscribe to the RSS feature to your site can read, "the title of freedom." They can also track the changes and the use of news aggregators, which will be discussed later updates.

How does RSS work?

In order to be able to use RSS, you must first download a software (content management system), in which XML format can be read. Headlines and excerpts of articles, and a link to the full article display. Not just words, but also can insert multimedia files of the RSS sources such as pictures, video, MP3 and others. Broadcatching, picturecasting, Photocasting photos and podcasts of some of the features, you can into your feed, but not discussed in this article.

For users to access an RSS feed, they must use an aggregator or feed reader. An aggregator searches for updates on RSS-enabled web pages then displays them. It can be either a standalone program or a web browser extension, depending on your operating system. Broadcast search engines for web content via RSS feed are also available as Plazoo and Feedster.

How can I make an RSS feed?

It is certainly easier to make an RSS feed if you know HTML. If not, you can subscribe to a blog (there are hundreds out there), some of which automatically creates RSS. If using a personal webpage building system, you need to understand more about RSS. Making an RSS feed from scratch is relatively easy.

A RSS feed should always contain an "item", whichever version of RSS you might use. If you wrote about a recent event in your city or a book review, the contents of this article can form an item. An item is essentially composed of three things: a title, its description, and link (where they can find your webpage). In choosing a title and description, use something that will describe the web content best. Although it will be easier for you, it doesn't follow that the title tag of your webpage and the item title are the same.

An item will look like HTML tags. First, you need an opening channel tag that put it as an XML file defined. Then, label the tag as an item by it after the channel tag. Then you can now insert the three essentials of your item:,, and. Just like HTML, we need to close the day in writing and on the ground.

An RSS feed that contains multiple tags looks like this:




Anne Rice's Belinda: A Book Review
If you haven't read any Anne Rice books yet, you will be greeted with shocking romantic relationships forming between unlikely characters...
http://allaboutbookreviews.com/belinda

Harry Potter IV: Darker with More Deaths
The recently released Harry Potter installation has proved dark for its younger readers...
http://allaboutbookreviews.com/harrypotterandthehalfbloodprince



Now, if you're still having a hard time understanding these tags, look for HTML tags tutorial to further grasp the concept. Have fun!

Posted in: xml tutorial| Tags: XML Format use summary version simple content quot news rss

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Resume

How to Make a Resume

Because of the volume of resumes employers receive; most of them now use some kind of resume tracking or applicant tracking system. This automates many of the tasks necessary for tracking candidates, and also makes it possible for an employer to find a resume they received months or years later. As a result of the technologies used, its important to keep your resume in a certain format that will be correctly read and interpreted by the systems. This used to be referred to as a "scannable" resume because of the hardware that used to scan paper resumes into the computer. Now, career websites and resumes received via email are "parsed" and stored in a database.
Once your resume is stored electronically, employers use keywords to match the stored resumes with their open positions. In order to find the resumes, employers (and recruiters) use keyword searches, usually a boolean search.
As the resolution to restore the techniques involved, it is important to keep your resume is very simple, somewhat plain format. This means that you should avoid fancy fonts, graphics, and, and other "special role" is not always the right technology, through which at least in your electronic resume, (you may need a more detailed version will be out in the recruitment, But it is really not necessary). A resume is not formatted correctly will not appear in a matching keyword, which greatly reduces the search landing an interview opportunity. I have seen to restore some of that "useless through" as the try to use diagrams or pictures of their resume writer results.

Resume Format >>>
Here are some practical tips for formatting your resume:
? Use a simple font. Do not use a decorate font. Times New Roman and Arial parse most accurately and are the "standard" fonts for business communication, which your resume is.
? Use a standard font size. For business communications, fonts of 10 and 12 points are the norm.
? Avoid using charts, pictures, tables or graphs in your resume. These rarely make it through. If you have information that needs to be in that format, consider an addendum to your resume or, perhaps, a web page that you have created that stores the information, with a link to the web page from your resume.
? If you are applying for a job where it's important to show off your formatting or creative skills to land a job, such as a Web Designer or Graphic Artist position, distribute copies of your fancy paper resume at interviews. Better yet, send both a fancy and plain resume format, or create a fancy Web resume and portfolio, and include the URL in your emailed resume or cover letter
Technical Resumes - Tips, Samples, Examples and Templates

Your resume remains one of the most important components of your job search. A well written resume that gives the employer an accurate view of your skills will help you stand out from the crowd. Here are links to some of my favorite resume tips, resume samples and free resume templates. I have also included links to some actual resumes of employees I have hired in the past for various technical companies.

Resume Writing Tips - How Not To Write a Resume
A recent poll of technical recruiters and hiring managers asked for the top "pet peeves" - things they see on resumes and cover letters that make them less interested in speaking with a candidate. These make great examples of how not to write your resume.
? Use of the current "tense" in all jobs on the resume.
? Writing the resume or cover letter in the third person.
? Too many grammar and spelling mistakes.
? Use of tiny, tiny fonts (10 pt or less) so as to cram as much information into the resume as possible.
? Photos on resumes (this is a cultural preference).
? A listing of their personal interests and activities.
? Sending a resume attachment named 41808res.doc - use your name or descriptive label.
? Writing the resume using table formats (columns).
? Using a resume that is password protected (without sending the password).
? Including references - but not professional ones - just friends and co-workers.
? Having no contact information on the resume or including a phone number that is no longer valid.
? When a candidate's email address is not appropriate for the work environment. Example: BigFoxyMama@.com
? Resumes that are too long. Most seem to feel that general descriptions pertaining to work history for the last 10 years is sufficient.
? Resume stuffing, for example, listing of every software application you've ever touched as a "skill".
? Education written so its not clear if the degree was obtained.
? Job hopping, which could be contract positions but it's not explained. (If you have been on short term contracts, make sure you clarify that they are contract jobs).


Top 7 Tips for Effective Resumes
Ever hear the saying "you never get a second chance to make a first impression?" Your resume gives a potential employer a powerful message about what kind of employee you would be. With only a few seconds to capture the attention of the reader and showcase your extensive skills, you need to make the most of your resume. Read on for resume tips and tricks.
1. Resume Tip 1: Spell Check and "Reality Check"
Before you submit your resume, make sure you give it a spell check using your word processing software. After you spell check it, have someone else give it a quick "reality check" to make sure that the spell checker didn't miss anything and to make sure that you didn't make a mistake that your computer can't catch. It is important that you get a second set of eyes to look over the document that could be responsible for your next job.
2. Resume Tip 2: Not Too Long, But Not Too Short
How long should your resume be? This is always a tough call. Some experts believe a one page resume is the perfect length. I would disagree, unless you really have few skills and experiences to share. Go into enough detail to give an accurate view of your skills, but not so long that the reader falls asleep. You do not need to list every project you have ever worked on. Summarize, but be inclusive.
3. Resume Tip 3: Formatting Counts
Have 2 versions of your resume available. One to be viewed online, and one to be handed out at in-person interviews and job fairs. Fancy formatting with pretty fonts, lines, boxes and bullet points just does not make it through on most computers. Anything you send or submit online should have very basic formatting (spacing and paragraph breaks, for example).
4. Resume Tip 4: Keywords are Key
When an employer searches a database, they use keywords. In general, they expect the results to be representative of what they are searching for. This should mean a couple of things to the resume writer:
? Include relevant keywords in your resume, because this is how you will be found.
? Don't stuff your resume with keywords that are not relevant of your experience. A list of keywords that do not represent your expertise should be avoided.

Check out How to Make a Resume for more on keywords.
5. Resume Tip 5: Include the Basics
A technical resume should include the following information sections.
? An objective: 1-2 sentences describing what you want, customize this for the job you are applying for.
? Education: Any degrees you have completed or are working on, as well as relevant classes or certifications. Only include your GPA if it is very high.
? Experience: List your past employers and/or major projects you have worked on. Start with the most recent.
? Technology Summary: List only the technologies you know well.
6. Resume Tip 6: Have Multiple Versions
If more than one single role (or a skill that is) you have more than needed to resume the use of multiple versions of these skills may be emphasized that according to one role. For example, if you also have many years of experience as a software engineer, has expertise in project management, two resumes: one on one to highlight the experiences of two software engineers, project management experience a different emphasis.
7. Resume Tip 7: Make Your Resume Viewable
Recruiters and hiring managers like to search and "source" for candidates. If your resume (or bio) is not someplace where an employer can find it, then they don't know you exist. In addition to the regular job boards.

Resume Writing - Guidelines for New Grads

Resume Writing – A Guide for New Grads

Purpose of Resume Writing
When you are writing your resume, it is important to keep in mind the purpose of the resume. The resume is meant to spark interest in you as a candidate. Your resume writing should be with the intent to get an interview, not a job offer. It is not meant to list every single course, skill or accomplishment you have. Remember, resumes get interviews, not jobs.
The resume should do the following:
Create a positive first impression. This is done by showcasing your communication skills and making the resume easy to read. The resume should be succinct and easy to follow.
Tell who you are. When you are writing your resume, you are telling the reader who you are and why they should consider you for a position.
Describe what you have learned. Especially for a new grad, your resume should highlight the courses and projects that are applicable for the job you hope to be hired for.
List your accomplishments. Your resume should highlight any special accomplishments you have achieved. If you made a 4.0 while working full time, were awarded a special scholarship, or received special recognition of some kind, it should be listed under your accomplishments.
In order to make your resume pleasant and easy to read, you will want to follow some resume format guidelines. The resume format is important because you want to make sure to keep the reader’s interest and, ultimately, be called for the interview. A poorly formatted resume, one that is hard to read, contains many errors, or doesn’t flow well, is not likely to accomplish your goal.
Resume Format – General Guidelines
The following guidelines follow typical resume format and business letter writing standards. These a general resume format rules:
? Font size of 10 or 12
? Perfectly typed with about a 1 inch margin (even if sending via email, since it will likely be printed out)
? Use only one font. You may vary size for emphasis, if necessary.
? Do not use different font styles. If you need to call attention to something, you can bold it, but use this sparingly.
? Avoid all-capital letters and italics as they are difficult to read.
Resume Format - Section Titles
? Begin your resume with a heading which includes your name, address, phone number and email address. This is usually centered at the top or left justified.
? Omit personal information such as age, sex, or marital status.
? The resume objective states the position type you are seeking. It looks very professional if you tailor the objective to the position you are applying for. Other than that, don't make this section too narrow.
? A well organized technical skills or career skills section can be placed after the objective. This should include skills in which you are at least proficient.
? The education section should identify your training by listing the university(s) attended with degree(s) conferred, major, and grade point average.
? The work experience section comes next and details the most recent positions or areas of expertise first and continues in reverse chronological order. Project experience can be listed here if you don't have any formal work experience. I also see many graduates add internships and their larger projects in this section.
? The accomplishments section comes last and highlights specific areas in which you have excelled, including leadership activities, memberships, and honors or awards.
Before Writing Your Resume
Before you sit down to write your resume, it is helpful to think through a couple of points. The first is to think in keyword terms, because employers will use them to search for resumes.
Some general keyword examples:
? Ability to ... (delegate, supervise, etc.), analytical ability, detail oriented, problem solving, results oriented, communication skills, team leader, lead
Some technology industry examples:
? Software, systems, UNIX, Linux, SQL, Oracle, java, .NET, Operating System, CAD, Mechanical systems, Design, OO Programming, SDLC, coded, programmed, administered, engineer, programmer, developer, network, Cisco, Microsoft
Tips for Resume Design
The following tips for resume design will help ensure that your resume is easy to read and can be parsed to a resume database properly.
? Keep the resume design simple. Using a standard resume template will help with this.
? Use standard font styles (Times New Roman and Arial are standard.
? Use a font size from 10 to 14. Font sizes of 10 and 12 are standard, with some titles and headings in a larger font.
? Avoid 'fancy' styles (italics, underline, bold, fancy fonts etc.).
? Do not use horizontal or vertical lines, graphics, charts, tables or boxes. They don't parse well to resume databases and they often print out looking funky.
? Use bold fonts for section headings.
? Use common names for section headings (i.e., Education, Experience, Technical Sills, etc.)
? Put your name at the beginning of the resume, with contact information on separate lines, immediately following the name. I cannot tell you how frustrating it is to have to read through the entire resume to find an email or phone number.
? Avoid abbreviations, except for popular acronyms.
? Be concise in your descriptions of projects and work experience. Longer is not necessarily better!
After the Resume
After the resume is written, make sure to proofread. See these Resume Tips for more ideas that will help ensure your resume gives the best first impression possible!
Print the resume out, to see how it looks for a manager that might prefer hard copies. Adjust any spacing as necessary. You will want printed resume copies to take with you to job fairs and interviews.
Sample Resume - Experienced New Grad Resume Sample
Resume Sample - New Grad
This resume sample is from an experienced new grad. Use this resume sample as a guide for writing your own resume.

James Shah
1255 University Avenue
Sacramento, CA -95825
(916) 555-1111
jshah@email dot com

Objective
To obtain a challenging internship/full time position in the field of Computer Science and Software Engineering.

Education
M.S. in Computer Science, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA GPA- 3.7/4.0
B.E in Computer Engineering, C.U.Shah Engineering College, India GPA-3.8/4.0
Skills Inventory
Programming Languages: BASIC, C, C++, VB6.0, PROLOG, COBOL, VC++, HTML, DHTML, J2EE, JSP, JAVA, ASP, ASP.NET, C#.NET, PHP, XML,JCL
Communication/Network Protocols : TCP/IP, Mobile IP, VoIP, 802.11
Operating Systems: UNIX, Linux, SUN Solaris, Windows NT, Windows 2000 server, HP-UX ,Mainframe
Database: Oracle 8i, SQL, MS Access 2000, FoxPro, Microsoft SQL server 2000, MySql server 5.0, DB2

Experience:
Intern Data Analyst, May 06-sep 06, Vision Service Plan (VSP):
Migration of Metadata web site:
Phase 1: Move the Old Web Site to new IIS server: Since the Metadata web site was running on old IIS box, we were facing the speed and crashing issues everyday. So the first phase of this project was to move the current structure of Metadata web site which is ASP pages and MS Access Database to new server.
Phase 2: Migrate the Database from Access to DB2: Due to the business need and reliability issues, Data base of Metadata was migrated from Access Data base to DB2 Database. I was responsible for designing the new database schema, conversion of all the queries into the DB2 compatible format, as well as change the ASP code to fetch correct data using DB2 database.

Phase 3: Change the Front end: To make the Metadata web site more user friendly, I have re design all the ASP pages and added some extra facilities which can help the user to find information easily. The new front end is more organized and meets all the standards of VSP intranet.
Projects

Data mart design and implementation for Engineering Dept of CSUS (MS Project): To assess the quality of education CSUS, design of the website will receive and accept the feedback from the users, ie teachers, students and employees about the quality of Education, current majors offered by CSUS, courses offered, laboratory facilities, and the educational level of faculty members with ASP.NET and store data in OLAP data with other institutions of Analysis Manager Microsoft SQL Server 2005 and generates useful reports with PivotTables MS Excel-Mart. The current statistics are on MS Access 2000.

Data link layer: Designed and implemented a data link layer services using UNIX and C – Socket utilities. The Project provides all the functionalities of the data link layer like flow control, error control using CRC-16 protocol, piggybacking, and compression using algorithm at client and server.
Execution of the Instruction Using Pipelining: Using Hardware Language, Verilog, implement the 5 stages of the pipeline with nop as a detection and correction of the data hazard between multiple instructions, which are executing simultaneously in the pipelining and also generate the corresponding control signal using hardwired and microcode logic.

Voice Recognition: Software that can recognize the voice identifies the pitch of the tone and makes a graph of the comparison, and telephony application to record your messages. Online Hotel Booking: Developing a 3-tier application for hotel booking using J2EE, JSP, JDBC, My SQL Server 4.1 and HTML, Tomcat Server.
Design basic Compiler Utilities Using SML: For a given source code and gral’s grammar definition, provide parsing which can convert the given source code into abstract syntax, provide static semantic to validate the given code, provide dynamic semantic to generate the desirable result for given source code.
Solve problem definition using various Algorithms: Develop various Algorithms such as Divide and Conquer, Backtracking, Dynamic Programming, Branch and Bound to solve given problem.

Design SRS for Iguana Vision VAT: As part of the SDLC, Design SRS document to specify the functional and non functional requirements relating to the product intended to be designed by Iguana Vision, Inc Single Medical Provider Franchise. The scope of this paper is to describe the proposed inputs, outputs, problems, propose reasonable
Relevant Courses:
? Mobile Computing
? Programming Language Principles
? Advanced Computer Networks
? Database Design
? Data Model &Data Management System
? Data warehousing and Data Mining
? Software Engineering
? Telecommunication Network Management
? Algorithm and Paradigms
? Computer Architecture
? Data Mining and Data warehouse
Honors & Activities
Presented a National Level Paper on "Hacking" at C. U. Shah College of Engineering and Technology, Surendranagar, India.
Lead the Technical Committee in and organized Technophile State level symposium.
PROFILE: Sincere, Hardworking, Self Motivated, excellent written & oral communications skills, quick-learner, Team-Player, Able to adapt to new work environments & situations, possesses responsible leadership qualities.

Example of a Software Engineer Resume

oe Employee
555 Main Street
Sacramento, CA 95628
myname@myemail dot com
(555)555-1111


SUMMARY
A results-driven, customer-focused, articulate and analytical Senior Software Engineer who can think "out of the box". Strong in design and integration problem solving skills. Expert in Java, C#, .NET, and T-SQL with database analysis and design. Skilled in developing business plans, requirements specifications, user documentation, and architectural systems research. Strong written and verbal communications. Interested in a challenging technical track career in an application development environment.
Experienced in:
? Engineering web development, all layers, from database to services to user interfaces
? Supporting legacy systems with backups of all cases to/from parallel systems
? Analysis and design of databases and user interfaces
? Managing requirements
? Implementing software development life cycle policies and procedures
? Managing and supporting multiple projects
? Highly adaptable in quickly changing technical environments with very strong organizational and analytical skills


EMPLOYMENT

E*Trade Financial, Sacramento, CA July 2002 – Present

Software Engineer (Customer Service Systems)
? Re-engineered customer account software systems used by brokerage teams. Web developer for user interfaces to trading inquiries, support parallel systems.
? Developed and implemented new feedback system for users concerns, bugs, and defect tracking regarding use and functionality of new interfaces.
? Coded web designed interfaces using Java, XML, XSL, AJAX, and JWS.
? Support system for existing intranet for employees, including designing and developing the Advantage@Work system company wide.
? Code and support provided through ASP.NET, T-SQL, Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle 9i.
? Collaborated in the development of in-house development of new banking software interfaces. Supported existing legacy system to provide newly created cases and insured they were available in the systems in parallel until legacy systems were retired.
Intel Corporation, Folsom, CA Jan 2000 – Jul 2002
Systems Programmer (Remote Servers and SSL Product Analyst)
? Deployed and tested Remote Installation Services(RIS)-Server Installs on Windows XP.
? Focused deployment of Server builds and handled some client builds.
? Modified Visual Basic applications for use in post-server builds for customizing builds.
? Researched RIS and Active Directory for future deployment world-wide. Presented findings to both the Networking Operating System Network Technology Integration team and the Microsoft Joint Development Team (JDP) at Intel. Produced a document binder for RIS and Active Directory to follow the project to the next team representative.
? Wrote bi-monthly progress reports, participated in weekly staff meetings and JDP team meetings designed to develop white paper processing.
? Provide technical support to the SSL team, managing inventory.
? Participated in testing and use of new SAP system as it was integrated into Intel.
? Managed Chipset products for IO Business Units.
CSU Chico, Chico, CA 2000 – 2002
Business Department (Visual Basic Teaching Assistant)
Computer Science Department (Supervisor MS Office Suite Teaching Assistant)
? Supervised all lab assistants, guiding them with student project development.
? Provided one-to-one guidance with Visual Basic programming instruction techniques.
? Wrote small program projects for assignments.
? Presented structured learning labs where students could ask questions regarding Visual Basic Programming construct and syntax.
? Prepared structured teaching guides pertaining to chapter material that complimented the lectures by the professor.
? Provided customized software for tracking student progress throughout the semester. It included reporting for the professor on assessments, projects, homework, lab work, attendance, and overall grades.


SOFTWARE SKILLS
Experience with:
? Databases: MySQL, Oracle, Access, SAP
? Software: Microsoft Office, Remedy, Microsoft SQL Server, DB Artisan, Eclipse, Visual Studio.NET, FrontPage
? Languages: C#, Java, Visual Basic, ASP, XML, XSL, JWS, SQL, and T-SQL
EDUCATION

CALIFORINA STATE UNIVERSITY, Chico, CA
BS Computer Science/ Business Minor
4.0/4.0 GPA
COLLEGE OF THE SISKIYOUS, Weed, CA
AS Computer Science

3 sample of General resume

Sample: Resume


FirstName LastName
87 Washington Street
Hopedale, NY 11233
Phone: 555-555-5555
Email: xxxxx@xyz.edu

EDUCATION

XYZ UNIVERSITY
Hopedale, NY: BA, American Studies
Cumulative GPA: 3.93

GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY STUDY ABROAD
University of Trier, Germany (Summer 2005)

AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
Washington, DC: Washington Semester in American Politics (Spring 2004)

RESEARCH AND ANALYTICAL EXPERIENCE

U.S. Department of Education
Intern, Office of the Deputy Secretary (Spring 2005)
? Generated concise written synopses of current legislative action for use by the Department, Congress members, and the general public through the ED website.
? Researched and presented to policymakers several successful school design and construction projects to support the Administration Schools as Centers of Community proposal.
Washington Semester Independent Research Project
American University (Spring 2004)
? Examined how the increasing dependence of needy students on federal loans instead of grants for higher education has affected college access and enrollment; culminating in 65-page paper
Historical Society of Saratoga Springs
Research Assistant (Spring 2003)
? Researched archival materials, wrote text panels and selected objects for a historical exhibit on Saratoga in the 1930s

LEADERSHIP EXPERIENCE

Vice President/Academic Affairs
Student Government Association, XYZ University (2003-2004)
? Chaired 60-member body representing each academic department and student perspectives on curricular issues
? Participated in college-wide policy decisions concerning such ethical issues as the sale of cigarettes on campus
? Made detailed oral and written presentations of curricular reform actions in public student fora
Presidential Search Committee
XYZ University (2002-2004)
? Served as one of two students on a college-wide committee to nominate the sixth President of XYZ University, through all stages including:
?
o A detailed self-study of institutional needs and goals to determine selection criteria
o Search for, and hire of, a higher-education specialty consultant
o Written evaluation of each applicant, interviews and final recommendation to the Board of Trustees
Honors Forum Council
Student Body Representative, XYZ University (2001-2002)
? Set goals and guidelines for the first two years of Skidmore?019s innovative, comprehensive honors program whose mission is to increase intellectual engagement and academic rigor in students?019 freshman and sophomore years

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

Student Alumni Society: Founding Member (2002-present)
Committee on Academic Freedoms: Student Representative (2002-present)
Skidmore Orchestra: French Horn (2001-present)
American Studies Club: Secretary (2001-present)

COMPUTER/LANGUAGE SKILLS

Proficient in written and spoken German
Extensive experience with Internet Explorer, HTML, Lexis-Nexis and Microsoft Office

Sample 2: Resume

FIRSTNAME LASTNAME
67-61 75th Street
Any town, NY 00000
(555) 555-5555 xxxxxxxxxx@aol.com 87 Washington Street
Hopedale, NY 11233
(555) 555-5555
xxxxxxx@xyz.edu

________________________________________

EDUCATION

XYZ University
Bachelor of Arts, May 2000
Major: Psychology. Minor: Studio Art
Hopedale, NY

BRITISH AMERICAN COLLEGE OF LONDON
Student during the semester of Spring 1999 London, ENGLAND


EXPERIENCE

Fall 1999 AMERICA READS PROJECT
Tutor
? Assisted children ages 6-7 with the fundamentals of reading
? Aided with capitalization, punctuation and printing
? Read stories aloud, entreating children to address content
? Helped with other activities, from math assignments to art projects
? Eased frustration by providing support and encouragement Hopedale, NY
1997-1999 XXX CAREER SERVICES

Office Assistant

? Gathered alumni career surveys and updated hundreds of data files utilizing Microsoft Access
? Maintained employer literature and credential, counseling and recruiting information files
? Compiled materials needed for mailing of credential requests
? Performed various administrative duties Hopedale, NY
Summer 1999 CITYARTS, INC.
Intern
? Researched corporate and foundation funding sources, using resources at the Foundation Center
? Drafted preliminary correspondence with possible philanthropists
? Prepared grant applications and supporting materials
? Helped with fundraising events such as benefit auction
? Provided general office support New York, NY
Summer 1999 MUSEUM OF AFRICAN ART

Artist Assistant

? Supervised young participants in painting workshop
? Aided children in the creative process by providing support with painting
? Assisted the lead artist in all phases of project implementation, from hanging canvases to cleaning workspace New York, NY
Fall 1995 NEW YORK PUBLIC INTEREST RESEARCH GROUP
Volunteer
? Collaborated with others to rebuild a brownstone in Brooklyn under the auspices of Habitat for Humanity
? Recruited others to participate in NYPIRG meetings and events
? Posted material around the Queens College campus which advocated public awareness of issues Flushing, NY


SPECIAL SKILLS/TRAVEL

Microsoft Word, Microsoft Access, Netscape, and research databases, including PsychInfo. Travel throughout Europe.

Resume Sample 3: Resume/Student

FirstName LastName
email: xxxxxxx@xyz.edu

PRESENT ADDRESS:
XYZ University
Hopedale, NY 11233
(555) 555-5555 PERMANENT ADDRESS
155 Essex Street
Anytown, CT 00000
(555) 555-5555
________________________________________
EDUCATION

XYZ University, Hopedale, NY
Candidate for Bachelor of Arts, May 2000
Major: Government 3.83 GPA Minor: Business 3.87 GPA

The Williams School, New London, CT
High School Degree, June 1995

WORK EXPERIENCE

Merrill Lynch & Co. Inc., New Haven CT, Summer 1999
Completed a rigorous internship working closely with retail and institutional brokers examining US markets and industries. Researched and analyzed equities, derivatives, and bonds utilizing Merrill Lynch computer systems.

Hartford Superior Court, Hartford CT, Summer 1998
Conducted in-depth project studying daily flow within the courthouse including data collection and analysis utilizing Microsoft Excel. Participated in data correction and filing in both criminal and civil case flow offices.

ACTIVITIES/SERVICE

Social Integrity Board Chairman, XYZ University, Fall 1999 – Present
Appointed by Student Government Association Executive Committee and confirmed by Student Senate as member of Social Integrity Board. Adjudicate and sanction students in violation of the XXX Student Codes of Conduct. Lead board members in delivering opinions and sanctions to students in hearings and written form. Conduct cases in close collaboration with Head of Residential Life and examine XXX's social policies and honor code.

Student Speakers Bureau Member, XYZ University, Fall 1998 – Present
Allocate funds to various organizations throughout the XXX community to bring speakers to campus.

COMPUTER SKILLS

? Microsoft Office 2000
? Microsoft Excel
? Microsoft Access ? PowerPoint
? WordPerfect
? Lotus 1-2-3 ? I.E. 4.0 and Netscape 4.6
? Adobe PhotoShop 5.0
? HTML/Web Publishing

Posted in: dhtml| Tags: Format system kind search employer resume applicant volume keyword result

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GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Pt. III

• WHY IS AN MP3 FILE CALLED SO?

MP3 is acronym for MPEG audio Layer-3. MPEG is the acronym for Moving Picture Experts Group, which developed compression systems, used for video data like DVD movies and HDTV broadcasts. The MP3 format is a compression system for music. It helps reduce the number of bytes in a song without affecting the quality of the sound. The goal of the MP3 format is to compress a CD-quality song by a factor of 10 to 14 without noticeably affecting the sound quality With MP3, a 32-megabyte (MB) song on a CD compresses to about.

• WHICH FAMOUS BIRD HAS A 'LAUGHING' AND 'BLUE-WINGED' VARIETY?

The famous bird kookaburra has a 'laughing' and a 'blue winged' variety The laughing kookaburra, D novaeguineae, is slightly larger than the blue-winged kookaburra with a slightly longer bill. The blue-winged kookaburra also has a head streaked white, with a white rather than dark eye, and no dark patch behind the eye. The blue-winged kookaburra has a bright-blue wing patch and rump. The call is also quite different.

• WHAT IS GUTTATION?

Guttation is the loss of water in the form of water droplets from hydathodes (small pores) on the leaf margin of a small herbacious plant. Water has the ability to rise up to 2 feet on its own through the xylem of the plant. During the evening or early morning, when the rate of absorption by roots exceeds the rate of transpiration (evaporation) by leaves, a lot of water gets accumulated in the plant body which can damage the cells. Plants have hydathodes at the end of the veins, through which this excess water is lost in the form of droplets. It takes place mostly in small plants like banana, rose, etc.

• WHAT IS GNOTOBLOLOGY?

Gnotobiology is the science of study of animals or other organisms raised in environments free of germs or those which contain only specifically known germs. Scientists compare gnotohiotic animals with ordinary animals whose bodies carry many germs, like bacteria, viruses and parasites. In this way, scientists can determine more precisely how specific germs affect a body.

• WHAT IS BUFFERING IN INTERNET?

Buffering is a situation which occurs when a streaming media player is saving portions of a streaming media file to local storage for playback. Most streaming media players buffer a small percentage of a streaming media presentation before beginning to play it. Buffering also may occur in the middle of a presentation when available bandwidth does not match the presentation's required bandwidth.

• WHAT IS A BIOMETRIC SECURITY SYSTEM?

In security terminology, a biometric security system is an authentication technique that relies on a computer system to electronically validate a measurable biological characteristic which is physically unique and cannot be duplicated. Various types of biometric security systems are being used for real-time identification; the most popular are based on face recognition and fingerprint matching, iris and retinal scan, speech, facial thermograms, and hand geometry.

• WHERE ARE FILES AND WEBSITES ON THE INTERNET STORED?

The internet is a collection of a large number of client-server based systems. So all files and other resources on it are stored on secondary storage devices of the re- spective servers. Servers of websites are termed as web servers. So when you type in a URL of a website in the address bar of your browser, it makes a connection to that web server which in turn fetches the data from the secondary storage device (such as the hard disk) that they must be using and returns it to the respective browser. The same holds true for any other resource (image, MP3 file, zipped file, etc.) that you access on the internet.

• WHY IS THERE NO B DRIVE IN A COMPUTER?

It's not that computers don't have B drives. Initially, (hardly two decades ago), personal computers didn't have hard discs — they were equipped with two floppy drives called drives A and B. Later, a hard disk was introduced and was labelled as the C drive. Other drives like the CD drive, DVD drive, flash drive and others were labelled D, E, etc. If you have a computer having two floppy drives, then they are called A drive and B drive.

• WHAT IS E-WASTE?

All obsolete electronic devices such as computers, servers, printers, monitors, TVs, cellphones, calculators, CDs, floppies, chips, processors, motherboard, PCB etc. end up as e-waste. E-waste contains many hazardous substances like PVC, plastics, heavy metals, Brominated Flame Retardants etc.

• WHAT ARE EFT MONITORS?

Generally all types of monitors are a strain on our eyes. EFT, or Eye Fresh Technology, monitors have a vital coating on the rear that emits anions and far-infrarorf r-o-fresh and ease the strain on the eyes and relax the eyes and body.

• WHY ARE THE FREQUENCY OF FM CHANNELS GENERALLY BETWEEN 90 AND 110 MHZ?

The term FM is slightly misleading because it stands for Frequency Modulation, a technique to broadcast radio waves. The frequencies between 80MHz to 110MHz, generally used to broadcast FM across the world, all fall in the VHP frequency range of 30Mhz to 300Mz. However, the first FM transmission took place in the US in the 1940s in the frequency band 42 to 50MHz. Later in 1945, the Federal Communications Commission allocated bands from 88 to 106MHz for FM broadcasting, citing reasons for its non-interference with other radio bands in and around a city Later, in western Europe, because of the already congested medium wave band, broadcasters preferred to migrate to the usual standard FM bands. In the UK, BBC broadcast for the first time in the FM band in 1955. Since then, FM has almost become an international standard for local broadcasts within city boundaries and the frequency range being used across the globe have been in the 88 to 106 MHz range only.

• WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD 'ROGER' IN TELECOM?

It has its origin from the Morse code in which the end of communication was marked with dih-dahdih (.-.) which incidentally is a code for 'R'. For voice communication, people used an equivalent for every letter (e.g. Omega-Pie-England-Norway for OPEN). For R the equivalent was Roger. Hence, all the communication ended with .-.,i.e. Roger, meaning 'this communication is over'.

• WHAT IS AN ENCODER AND DECODER?

An encoder is a device, which transforms the data into some bits known only to it and the decoder, is a device, which transforms those coded bits to generate the original data again. These two are mainly used in computer technology but the underlying concept can be used anywhere. For example, the name 'Delhi' can be coded as 'ihleD' or '45#1278'. Later, the decoder regenerates the original 'Delhi' from this code as it knows the coding scheme.

• WHAT IS IMEI?

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A SUBWOOFER AND A WOOFER?

There are no stark differences between these two speaker systems as both are used to reproduce lowfrequency sound notes. Subwoofers are designed to reproduce a band of frequencies below 30Hz level and woofers produce sounds above it. At times, the bands may overlap. The smallest diaphragm of a decent halfway woofer is 8 inches, in a subwoofer it is 12 inches.

• WHAT IS A SIMPUTER?

The word 'Simputer' is an acronym for 'simple, inexpensive and multilingual people's computer'. It is a small, inexpensive, handheld computer, intended to bring computing power to developing countries. It includes text-to-speech software and runs the GNU/ Linux operating systems. The device was designed by the Simputer Trust, a non-profit organisation formed in November 1999. Simputers are generally used in environments where computing devices such as PCs cannot be used.

• WHAT IS BLUE TOOTH TECHNOLOGY?

Bluetooth is a low cost, low power radio interface standard for wireless communication over short distances. It's an open standard for allowing intelligent devices to communicate with each other. This allows any sort of electronic equipment (from computers and cell phones to keyboards and headphones) to make its own connections, without wires, cables or any direct action from a user. It could allow for replacing many propriety cables that connect one device to another with one universal radio link.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES?

• WHEN WAS WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM CREATED?

The earliest avtar of Microsoft Windows was Interface Manager, which was being developed in September 1981. The first ever version of Windows operating system was announced on November 10, 1983. It was an extension of MS DOS, and sported a graphic user interface. Windows? 1.0 was finally released into market in November, 1985.

• WHAT IS BETA TESTING?

Typically, software goes through two stages of testing before it is considered finished. Only users within the organization developing the software often perform the first stage, called alpha testing. The second stage, called beta testing, generally involves a limited number of external users. Beta testing is the formal process of soliciting feedback on software still under development. Beta testing is usually the last step a software developer takes before releasing the product to market.

• WHAT IS SPYWARE?

With reference to last week's answer, I'd like to point out that spywares don't come typically named spy ware. exe like spyware32,exe, ispyexe or such. It can be kazaa.exe, msbb.exe, newsupd.exe, dider.exe, etc. Deleting all registry keys is ownright suicidal because the operating system (Windows) would be dead without any registry keys. If the statement is supposed to mean deleting "all infected/ spyware modified" registry keys, that's still a tough call because unless the user is an expert about that particular spyware, it's impossible. More than one anti-spyware software is neededto keep one's PC spyware-free.

• WHY IS IT ADVISED TO SWITCH OFF THE MOBILE PHONE IN PETROL PUMPS?

Cell phones are asked to be switched off at petrol pumps as they are a potential ignition source to the flammable vapours in that atmosphere. This step has been followed after acceptance of the fact that there is risk of fire accidents due to ignition of batteries of cell phones. As a result manufacturers as well as service providers of the cell phones ask users to keep the cell phones in "off" mode.

• WHAT IS SPYWARE?

Spyware is a malicious program which does harm to the computer and invades your privacy. Spyware include Trojans, Adware, Trackware, dialers, Keyloggers and some viruses. Spyware can pluck confidential infor- mation from your computer and slow its performance to a crawl. This threat copies its file(s) to your hard disk, its typical file name is: Spyware.exe. This problem can be solved manually by deleting all registry keys.

• WHAT IS A TFT MONITOR?

Thin Film Transistor (TFT) Liquid Crystal Display technology does away with the traditional bulky Cathode Ray Tube (CRT). LCDs use a strong backlight as the light source and control how much of this light is allowed to reach the dots (pixels) by selectively allowing the light to reach each pixel. LCDs achieve this by taking advantage of a key property of 'twisted' liquid crystal molecules; their ability to naturally block polarised light butthen let it through by degrees when a small electric field is applied. LCD cells are accurately controlled and arranged in a Hat matrix of rows and columns.

• WHAT IS A “FIREWALL” IN COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY?

In computer security, a firewall is a device that blocks unauthorised access to an organisation's local area network. A firewall can reside on the administrative computer, the server that acts as the LAN's gateway to the Internet. The firewall keeps track of every file entering or leaving the local area network in order to detect the source of viruses and other problems that might enter the network.

• WHY IS SPAM IN EMAIL JARGON CALLED SO?

The term spam is derived from the popular Monty Python song 'Spam sketch', set in a cafe where everything on the menu includes Spam luncheon meat. The chorus repeats 'Spam, Spam, Spam' over and over again, drowning out all conversation. Since 'Spam' involves sending identical messages to a large number of recipients without their permission, it has been called so. The correct term for it is Unsolicited Commercial Email (UCE).

• WHAT ARE CHICKEN SWITCHES?

Chicken switches are switches that can disable optimisations on the chip (such as caches) to isolate problems. When we throw all the "chicken switches", we put the processor in "tinkertoymode". If it still isn't working, the problemjsjikely to reside elsewhere, in external memory for example. We do the same sort of thing in software - provide settings to disable caches and other forms of optimisation in order to isolate problems.

• WHAT IS A HANDSHAKE IN COMPUTERS?

Handshake is the process by which two computers initiate communication. A handshake begins when one sends a message to another indicating that it wants to establish a communication channel. The two computers then send several messages back and forth that enable them to agree on a communication protocol. Two modems perform a handshake each time they meet, to help them determine how they will exchange information. If the modem speaker is on, we can actually hear the handshake — the series of squeals and signals.

• WHAT IS CDMA TECHNOLOGY?

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is a digital cellular technology that uses spread-spectrum techniques. Unlike competing systems, such as GSM, that use TDMA, CDMA does not assign a specific frequency to each user. Instead, every channel uses the full available spectrum. Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence. CDMA consistently provides better capacity for voice and data communication than other commercial mobile technologies, allowing more subscribers to connect at any given time, and it is the common platform on which 3G technologies are built.

• CAN A COMPUTER HAVE MORE THAN ONE HARD DISK?

There are two main hard disk types used today — IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) and SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) hard drives. The IDE drives are used in PCs and SCSI in servers. Motherboards usually come with two embedded IDE ports. Each port can have two devices connected to it on the same data cable for a total of four devices. CD and DVD.units are also connected to the IDE ports and counted as one of those four devices. Once you have four devices, then you can add a PCI IDE controller to have more ports to add devices. SCSI hard drives are connected to a PCI SCSI controller that will be able to accept seven devices for standard SCSI and 15 for the newer, wide SCSI.

• HOW DOES A LASER PRINTER WORK?

A laser printer uses the phenomenon of static electricity as a temporary glue. The core component is the photoreceptor, typically, a revolving drum or cylinder. This is made of highly photoconductive material that is'discharged by light photons. The printer coats the drum with a positively' charged toner — a fine, black powder. Since it has a positive charge, the toner clings to the negatively discharged areas of the drum, but not to the positively charged 'background'. With the powder pattern affixed, the drum rolls over a sheet of paper, which moves along a belt below. Before the paper rolls under the drum, it is given a negative charge by the transfer corona wire (charged roller). This charge is stronger than the negative charge of the electrostatic image, so the paper can pull the toner powder away. Since it is moving at -the same speed as the drum, the paper picks up the image pattern exactly To keep the paper from clinging to the drum, it is discharged by the detac corona wire immediately after picking up the toner.

• WHICH COMPANY PRODUCED THE FIRST LAPTOP?

Designed in 1979 by William Moggridge of Britain for Grid Systems Corporation, the Grid Compass was one-fifth the weight of any model equivalent in performance and was used by NASA on the space shuttle programme in the early 1980s. A 340 kilobyte bubble memory laptop computer with die-cast magnesium case and folding electroluminescent graphics display screen, this is probably the first laptop ever produced.

• WHAT IS GREENSTONE DIGITAL LIBRARY SOFTWARE?

Greenstone is a software suite which can serve digital library collections and build new collections. It runs on Windows, UNIX and Mac OS X and provides a new way of organising information and publishing it on the internet or on CD-ROM. Greenstone is produced by the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the University of Waikato, and distributed in cooperation with Unesco and the Human Info NGO. It is a open source software. The New Zealand Digital; Library website contains numerous examA pie collections, all created with the Greenstone software.

• WHICH WAS THE FIRST CELLULAR SERVICE PROVIDER?

On October 13,1983, the first call on a commercial cellular system was made in Chicago, and Cellular One service in the Washington, D.C. / Baltimore area began in 1984.

• WHICH COMPANY PRODUCED THE FIRST LAPTOP?

Designed in 1979 by William Moggridge of Britain for Grid Systems Corporation, the Grid Compass was one-fifth the weight of any model equivalent in performance and was used by NASA on the space shuttle programme in the early 1980s. A 340 kilobyte bubble memory laptop computer with die-cast magnesium case and folding electroluminescent graphics display screen, this is probably the first laptop ever produced.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES?

The distinction between electrical and electronic components/ elements is two-fold. The former, like electric wires/ cables, resistors, etc. are passive i.e. they do not require a power supply for operation. Secondly, the output power of the signals applied to them can never exceed the input power i.e. there is no power amplification. Electronic components like valves, transistors; ICs, etc. are active components. They need their own power supply for operation and also, depending on the design, may or may not provide power amplification.

• WHY DON'T CDMA PHONE HAVE SIM CARDS?

CDMA phones have phone numbers programmed in the handset just as the operator programs numbers in SIM cards. The latest phones have both options. Since all CDMA phones are network locked, there is no necessity for the SIM card provision. As GSM phones are compatible with any operator, who provides the SIM card which enables connectivity to the network. This makes the phone independent of the operator.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LINUX AND UNIX?

Unix developed by Ken Thompson is a multi-user multi-tasking operating system that could be exploited remotely, and portable. Thomson and Dennis Ritchie rewrote Unix in the C programming language Linux, developed by Linus Torvalds from Finland, is a variant of Unix. It has all the features of Unix in addition to a few more, such as inclusion of graphical user environments. It is particularly strong in networking and Internet functions and works with a variety of hardware and peripherals that can do something Unix does not on its target of application. The open-source function of Unix has been maintained, everyone can access the Linux source code, regardless of their version.

• WHAT IS GREENSTONE DIGITAL LIBRARY SOFTWARE?

Greenstone is a software suite which can serve digital library collections and build new collections. It runs on Windows, UNIX and Mac OS X and provides a new way of organising information and publishing it an the internet or on CD-ROM. Greenstone is produced by the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the University of Waikato, and distributed in cooperation with Unesco and the Human Info NGO. It is a open source software. The New Zealand Digital Library website contains numerous example collections, all created with the Greenstone software.

• WHAT IS CLICK FRAUD WITH REGARD TO SEARCH ENGINES?

Click fraud is the practice of artificially inflating traffic statistics to defraud advertisers. In the pay-per-click system, advertisers pay a fee for each click on their link. By using automated clicking programs (called hitbots) or employing low-cost workers to click on links, the perpetrators create the illusion that a large number of potential customers are clicking the advertiser's links, when in fact, there is no likelihood that any of the clicks will lead to profit the advertiser. Click fraud scammers often take advantage of the affiliate programs offered by some search engines.

• HOW DOES A GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM WORK (GPS) WORK?

The basic principle of a GPS operation is that any point on Earth can be located if it is monitored from four different locations. For this, the GPS system uses 24 satellites in six different orbits at an altitude of 18,000 kms. So, at any time, any location is monitored by four different satellites. The GPS device sends its signal to the four satellites. These satellites have a database that contains information of all the locations on earth. These four satellites, in turn, send back the latitude, longitude and altitude of that particular location by referring to its database.

• WHAT IS FM?

FM stands for frequency modulation. Attaching it to a carrier wave in radio frequency transmits the sound signal. The frequency of the radio wave is varied or modulated suitably. When the modulated wave is received by a radio set, the radio wave is filtered to reproduce the audio signal. FM are less susceptible to noise compared to AM or amplitude modulation where the mixing is done by varying the amplitude. In TV signals, the sound is frequency modulated while the picture signal is amplitude modulated.

• WHAT IS FUZZY LOGIC?

Fuzzy logic is a process used in computer science to solve problems that involve ambiguous data such as the room temperature is too hot, too cold or just right. It uses multivalued logic to arrive at a more precise and weighted answer. In contrast, binary logic understands only two states: on or off, yes or no, one or zero.

• HOW DO INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES WORK?

Search engines use automated software programs know as spiders or bots to survey the web and build their databases. Web documents are retrieved by these programs and analyzed. Data collected from each web page are then added to the search engine index. When you enter a query at a search engine site, your input is checked against the search engine's index of all web pages it has analyzed. The best uris are then returned to you as hits, ranked in order with the best results at the top.

• HOW DOES A GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM WORK?

The GPS receiver is only a receiver, without any transmitting capability. The satellites does not contain any databases about the locations or anything. They contain highly precise atomic clocks which generates some code which it keeps transmitting to the earth. The GPS receiver gets that code from multiple satellites which are slightly time-shifted due to difference in the distances of satellites. Using this difference the receiver calculates the longitude and latitude.

• WHAT IS THE FULL FORM OF TFT IN COMPUTER AND MOBILE SCREENS?

Thin Film Transistor (TFT) is a type of LCD flat-panel display screen. It's called so because each pixel is controlled by transistors. TFT technology provides the best resolution of all the flat-panel technologies, but it is also the most expensive. TFT displays are usually designed to run at a specific resolution.

• WHAT IS EDGE TECHNOLOGY IN MOBILE PHONES?

EDGE technology is a modulation technique for GSM networks. An Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) is used to increase network capacity and data rates in mobile networks. EDGE provides data rates up to 384 Kbps.

• WHO INVENTED THE QWERTY KEYBOARD?

WERTY keyboard (also known as universal keyboard) is used in modern computers. The name QWERTY comes from the first six letters in the top row. It was invented by C L Sholes in 1872.

• WHAT IS A HOLOGRAPHIC VERSATILE DISC?

A Holographic Versatile Disc is an advanced optical disc technology still in the research stage. It employs a technique known as collinear holography, whereby two lasers —one red and one blue-green are collimated in a single beam. These disks have the capacity to hold up to 3.9 terabytes (TB) of data. The HVD also has a transfer rate of 1 Gbit/s.

• WHAT IS A PICONET?

A piconet is a collection of devices connected via Bluetooth technology in an ad hoc fashion. A piconet starts with two connected devices, such as a portable PC and cellular phone, and may grow to eight connected devices. All Bluetooth devices are peer units and have identical implementations. However, when establishing a piconet, one unit will act as a master and the other as slave for the duration of the piconet connection.

• WHAT IS A MICROCHIP?

• WHAT IS AN E-R DIAGRAM?

The E-R diagram (entity-relation) is a diagrammatical representation of a data model based on a perception of the real world that consists of a collection of basic objects called entities and of relationships among these objects. It is widely used in database design. The E/R diagram was introduced by P P Chen. An entity is a tangible object that exists in the real world, about which some relevant information may be stored. The qualities of an entity which can be stored as information are called the attributes. For example, if teacher is an entity then the teacher's ID, name, etc. are all its attributes. An association among several entities is called a relationship.

• WHAT IS A DEAD PIXEL?

• WHAT DOES VOXML STAND FOR?

The acronym VoxML stands for Voice extended Markup Language. It is a combination of IVR (Interactive Voice Response) technology that deals with digitizing of sound and the Internet technology. Using VoxML, it is possible to hear the contents of a website without using a computer– all you need is a phone.

• HOW BIG IS A VIRUS?

Viruses are called non-living molecules for two reasons; they are parasitic and show no signs of life till they enter a host. They are tiny creatures. The herpes virus measures 100 nanometers or 100 billionth of a meter. In comparison, bacteria are 10 to 100 times bigger than the viruses.

• WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD ALGORITHM?

A formula or a set of steps to carry out arithmetic manipulation is called an algorithm. All computer programmes are based on algorithms. The origin of this word is from the name of an Arabic mathematician — Al Khwpresmi. The actual word is 'algorism. With the influence of the Greek word 'arithmos' which means mathematics, 'algorism' changed to 'algorithm.

WHAT IS WYSIWYG?

WYSIWYG stands for 'What You See is What You Get. This phrase was popularized with the advent of digital typesetting or desktop publishing with the help of the computer. Initially, the print enhancements such as bold type, italics etc. were not visible on the computer monitor but could be reproduced by the printer. The modern word processors display the text as it appears in print.

• HOW IS MUSIC STORED IN A CD?

Sound consists of waves whose intensity varies from zero to a fixed value in a continuous manner. The intensity is converted to an equivalent electrical signal. This signal is sampled at a very fast rate. The instantaneous value of the electrical signal is then digitized and stored in the Compact Disk using a computer-controlled device. A reverse process then reproduces the sound. The faster the sampling rate, the better is the quality of music.

• IS IT POSSIBLE TO HACK A STANDALONE COMPUTER?

It is common knowledge that a computer hooked to a network; a network of networks or the Internet is vulnerable to computer hackers. In other words, information stored in these computers is never safe. Prof Ross Andersen of Cambridge University has, however, illustrated that picking up the radio signals emitted by the video monitor can break into even a standalone computer.

• WHY DO ALL MOBILE NUMBER START WITH THE DIGIT 9.

According to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), local numbering allowed is in the range of 2-8. While 0 is used for STD access, 1 is used for special numbers. So, the only digit left is 9.

• HOW DOES A COMPUTER KEEP RECORD OF THE TIME EVEN WHEN IT IS SHUT DOWN?

Our computers are not run by a single operating system, but also the BIOS (basic input output system) which resides pernianently in the chips of the motherboard to which virtually every computer hardware is connected. The BIOS is kept powered by a button cell (1.5 V approximately) or any variant. The cell remains present on the board and helps the BIOS remember not only the time but other hardware settings as well; the GUI (graphical user interface) syncs with the BIOS time every the computer is booted up and hence shows the computer shows the correct time.

o??????? WHAT IS BLACK BOX TESTING?

Testing software based on output requirements and without any knowledge of the internal structure or coding in the program is known as black box testing. Black box testing, concrete box or functional testing is used in computer programming, software engineering and software testing to check that the outputs of a program, given certain inputs, conform to the functional specification of the program. A complementary technique, white box testing or structural testing, uses information about the structure of the program to check that it performs correctly.

• WHAT IS MEANT BY INTERNET SURFING?

When you want some information on a subject from your internet connection, you will have the choice to use many search engines and many websites. You open them one by one and gather information on the subject that is of special interest to you. This is referred to as surfing.

• WHAT IS JAVA?

Java is claimed to be the universal computer language that will be used to operate all devices, including those used in households, like toasters, ovens, irons and geysers. The word 'Java' represents coffee, which is exported from the Asian country to the US.

• WHAT IS HTTP?

HTTP stands for 'Hypertext Transfer Protocol'. It is a protocol that governs the pages designed in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) that allows a user to access information stored in many computers independent of their geographical location. HTTP has revolutionized the field of information technology and is the backbone of the Internet or the information superhighway.WHO COINED THE TERM 'WORLD WIDE WEB'? WWW or the World Wide Web, a synonym for the information superhighway or the Internet, was, surprisingly, coined by a group of nuclear physicists working at the European Centre for Nuclear Research in Geneva.

o??????? WHAT ARE SUPRA-GLACIAL LAKES AND WHERE CAN WE FIND THEM?

Supra-glacial lakes are those found on the ice surface of glaciers early in the melt season. They are found on the surfaces of temperate glaciers.

• HOW DOES CYBERSQUATTING WORK?

Under a 1999 US federal law known as the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, cybersquatting means registering, trafficking in, or using a domain name with bad-faith intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else. It refers to the practice of? buying up domain names reflecting the names of existing businesses, intending to sell the names for a profit back to the businesses when they go to put up their websites.

o??????? HOW DOES A JERK-O-METER WORK?

It is a speech and tone recognition pattern that helps rate how engaged a person is in a conversation. It is rated on a 1 to 100 scale. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) are developing software for cell phones that analyses speech patterns and voice tones to do this. It is seen as an important tool for improving relationships and has a lot of potential in telemarketing.

o??????? WHAT IS NEALE'S BALL TOKEN INSTRUMENT?

Designed by Neale, an engineer with the GIP Railway (presently Central Railway), it is an electro-mechanical instrument provided at each station on single line railway ections. It ensures safety in train operations by dispensing tokens which are handed over to train drivers as authority to enter a block section. The tokens are spherical steel balls, which are issued in such a manner that only one token can be issued for one direction at a time after ensuring that previous train has already cleared the section and there is no other train between the stations. Each station has one such instrument for each direction, which are electrically connected to similar instruments provided at the adjoining stations on either side. This ensures that only one train can enter the block sections at a time.

• WHO INVENTED THE T9 DICTIONARY USED IN MOBILE PHONES?

The inventors of the predictive T9 dictionary used in cellphones are Svensson Henrik Brun (Denmark) and Williams Stephen (Finland). This predictive text input method helps in efficient typing of SMS messages. It improves on the common multi-tap method since fewer total button taps are needed. It's achieved by using a small, quick-access dictionary to automatically display the word most often desired for a sequence of keystrokes.

• WHAT IS A CRYSTAL RADIO?

A crystal radio is the basic form of a radio, can detect the radio signals with no power. It has very few parts and can be built with popular products in short time. It works best when a station within 40 km from the crowd. Simple crystal radios are often a few hand-made parts such as an antenna wire, tuning coil of copper wire, crystal detector and earphones. A crystal radio receives broadcasts from radio stations that convert sound into radio waves and send the signals everywhere. The crystal radio antenna, a very long wire that takes the signals and passes them through the crowd as the electronic current. It uses a crystal detector to convert the radio waves, electricity, electricity sound. The detector can be made from a special rock of galena in a holder. It uses headphones convert the sound of electricity to the sound you can hear.

• WHATS THE WORLD'S FIRST SOFTWARE?

Ada Lovelace wrote a rudimentary programme for the analytical machine designed by Charles Babbage in 1827, but the machine never became operational, hi 1949, the language short code appeared. It was the first computer language for electronic devices and required the programmer to change its statements into Os and Is by hand.

• HOW IS A SATELLITE PHONE DIFFERENT FROM A CELLULAR PHONE?

Satellite and cellular phones are wireless devices. They almost look alike but the way they work is totally different. A cellular phone functions on the basis of cells, and hence is called cell phones. The whole network area is divided into small areas and an antenna is installed in each area. These are also called towers. When a cellular phone is moving, it enters from one cell to another. When it crosses the border of one cell, the phone sends a signal to the MTSO (Mobile Telephone Switching Office). With the help of control channel the database of the MTSO relocates the phone in a new cell or area. Satellite phones use Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites. When a satellite phone is turned on, a signal goes up to any number of satellites of a group the phone is registered with. When a person makes a call from the handset, a signal goes to the nearest orbiting satellite. The satellite connects to the gateway or ground station. Then the gateway takes the call to the destination.

• WHAT IS THE 3RD SPACE VEST?

These vests help users endure virtual blows, literally An American surgeon has invented a vest that lets computer game users feel physical attacks like shots, stabs, etc. while playing games. The vest uses air pressure and feedback from the computer to simulate thumps on those regions of a person's torso, which would have been hit if the person were actually fighting in a battle. It's designed by Mark Ombrellaro and was originally intended for medical purposes.

• WHY IS THE SYMBOL @ USED IN E-MAIL ADDRESSES?

An e-mail address identifies a location to which e-mail messages can be delivered. The first electronic mail delivery engaging two machines was done in 1971 by Ray Tomlinson, a programmer at Bolt, Beranek and Newman, an engineering company in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He needed a way to separate, in the e-mail address, the name of the user from the machine the user was on. He wanted a character that would not, under any conceivable circumstances, be found in the user's name. He looked down at the keyboard and chose the @ sign among various punctuation marks available on his Model 33 teletype keyboard. He had no idea that he was creating an icon for the wired world. Today, e-mail is the most used application on the internet. Each e-mail account has a unique address. A general format for an e-mail address is: username@computer_name. The part before the @ sign is the local part of the address, the user name of the recipient, and the part after the @ sign is the domain part which is a host computer name.

• WHAT IS INTERPLANETARY INTERET?

If the internet allowed users to get. Information from any corner of the world, then the interplanetary internet will allow users to access information and even control experiments taking place far away from Earth. Vinton Cerf, considered the founding father of the internet and a co-creator of the interplanetary internet, is currently working on standards to guide internet communications in the space era.

• WHAT IS CYBERSLACKING?

It's a slang term used to describe employees who surf the net, write e-mail or indulge in other inter' net-related activities at work that are not related to their jobs. These activities are performed during periods of time when they are being paid by their employer. The individual is called a cyberlacker, while the act is cyberslacking,. It's. also called as cyberloafing.

• WHAT IS CRYOPTOGRAPHY?

It is the practice of enciphering and deciphering messages in secret code in order to render them unintelligible to all but the intended receiver It may also refer to the art of cryptanalysis, through which cryptographic codes are broken. Collectively, the science of secure and secret communication, involving both cryptography and cryptanalysis, is known as cryptology. Today, the principles of cryptography are applied to encryption of fax, TV and computer network communications. The secure exchange of computer data is of great importance to banking, government and commercial communication.

• WHAT IS A ‘VOCAL JOYSTICK’?

The ‘Vocal Joystick’ has been developed by researchers at the University of Washington. It is a computer software which allows the disabled, who can use their voice but not their hands or arms, to control a cursor using sounds. This joy stick detects sounds 100 times a second and converts it into movement on screen.

• WHAT IS AN ELECTRONIC SPIDER?

An electronic spider, also called a web crawler or a web robot, is a programme that can visit the pages, on the world wide web in a methodical automatic manner. They are most commonly employed by search engines for browsing the web and copying new pages so that the indexes of the engine are updated periodically The spiders are also used by some sites for maintaining their pages, to ensure that the hyperlmks are updated and the HTML code is valid. They are also said to be used by spam creators for capturing e-mail addresses contained in web pages.

• WHAT IS WEB 2.0?

— The internet as we know it has been around for over 10 years now. It has principally been used for searching, browsing and reading static information. Now, it is evolving into something quite different. We are now in what is called the Web 2.0 era, where the internet is more about interactivity. The concept began with a brainstorming session between O'Reilly and MediaLive International in 2004. Web 2.0 can be defined as a set of technologies which enable collaboration and sharing between internet users. The tools of Web 2.0 are web pages, web-based communities or hosted services such as social-networking sites, online encylopaedias like Wikipedia, blogs and podcasts, etc.

• WHY IS JUNK MAIL CALLED SPAM?

One possible origin is Monty Python's famous song Spam-loving Vikings sketch which goes 'spam spam spam spam spam spam lovely spam, wonderful spam...' As spam is repeated several times till one tires of hearing it, it's chosen to refer to worthless and repetitive e-mail. Also, canned luncheon meat called spam, made by Hormel, is disliked in America and most Americans consider it nutritionally worthless to be set aside at the first opportunity. A computer group at a university was supposed to have described unsolicited junk mail as spam, as it shares many properties with this meat.

• WHAT IS A 'NANO-FACTORY'?

Researchers in Japan have invented a tiny brain which can act as a remote control for swarms of nano-machines. They simultated eight such nano-machines to create a 'nano factory'. According to experts; nano-machines could also be used to boost the processing power of future computers. They also have high hopes for nano-machines in treating diseases. The machine is made from 17 molecules of the chemical duroquinone. Each one is known as a 'logic device'.

• WHAT IS CYBERSQUATTING?

Cybersquatting is registering a website in the names of popular brands. The word squatting in this context means unauthorised occupation of someone else's property In the internet domain, techsavvy entrepreneurs register websites in the names of popular brands, whose owners do not have websites of their own. This can lead to misrepresentation in the internet media about the products or services the brand sells in the market. The brand owners naturally would like to buy the domain either to give authentic information about products and services or to stem the ill-effects of such misrepresented sites. The person who first registered the brand name sells the site and makes a profit. The ethical and legal aspects of such practice are ambiguous as the intention of the original owner of the site can either be genuine or fraudulent.

• WHAT IS MYSQL?

MySQL (pronounced'my-ess-cueel') is an open source, true multiuser, multi-threaded relational database management system (RDBMS), that uses Structured Query Language (SQL). MySQL was developed by two Swedes and a Finn — David Axmark, Allan Larsson and Michael Widenius. It was written in C, C++, and was first released in 1995. Currently, MySQL has more than 11 million installations. MySQL is fast and flexible enough to allow storing logs and pictures in it. Its main goals are speed, robustness, and ease of use. MySQL is open source, 100% GPL (General Public License) database. This provides a great opportunity for the open source cornmunity and for those who are developing open source software.

• WHAT IS SONET WITH REFERENCE TO AN OPTICAL NETWORK?

Sonet (Synchronous Optical Network) is a high-speed, physical layer network designed to carry large volumes of traffic over relatively long distances on fiber optic cabling using lasers or lightemitting diodes (LEDs). It provides a standard interface for communications carriers to connect networks based on fiber optic cable to handle multiple data types (voice, video, and so on). Sonet defines a technology for carrying many signals of different capacities through a synchronous, flexible, optical hierarchy This is accomplished by means of a byteinterleaved multiplexing scheme. Byte-interleaving simplifies multiplexing and offers end-to-end network management. Sonet was proposed by Bellcore in the mid-'80s arid now an ANSI standard. It is a successor to other wellknown communication technology implemented on fiber optics network called PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy). It possesses several characteristics that make it good for the internet today: It defines clear interoperability standards between different vendors' products. It can carry nearly any higher-level protocol (including IP), and includes built-in support for ease of management and maintenance. Sonet has emerged as a powerful protocol which is extensively used for large and high performance networks.

• WHAT IS A SEMAPHORE?

A semaphore (pronounced as sehm uh fawr, invented by Edsger Dijkstra) in computer science is a classic way of protecting shared resources to multi-programming environments like Unix systems, semaphores are a technique for coordinating or synchronising activities in which multiple processes compete for the same operating system resources. A process needing the resource checks the semaphore to determine the resource's status and then decides how to proceed. Depending on the value found, the process can use the resource or will find that it is already in use and must wait for some time before trying again, thus avoiding deadlocks.

• HOW DOES A LASER MOUSE WORK?

A laser mouse is a type of optical mouse. It uses a laser beam which is invisible, or nearly invisible, to the human eye. The beam emitted by the laser mouse moves with the user's hand, triggering an optical sensor system. It works in tandem with a system which tracks how far the mouse has moved by bouncing hundreds of images every second, constantly updating the position of the mouse and the subsequent position of the cursor on the screen.

• WHO INVENTED THE PEN DRIVE?

A pen drive is another term for USB (Universal Serial Bus) flash drive and is basically a data storage device. The pen drive was invented in 1998 by IBM, with the intention of replacing the floppy drive in its ThinkPad line of products. The first flash drive was manufactured by M-systems under contract with IBM and was called the disgo. The disgo came in various sizes: 8 MB, 16 MB, 32 MB and 64 MB. Following the launch of disgo, a number of pen drives of different sizes, types and brands came into the market. Today pen drives are used in a range of devices such as mobile phones, video-game consoles and digital music players.

• WHAT IS THE BEER GOOGLE EFFECT?

The Beer Google effect refers to the tendency to google information on someone we meet for the first time. This generally happens when one consumes alcohol, and under its influence, he looks up the person on the internet. For example, I met Geeta at ABC bar for the first time and she tells me that she works for XYZ Inc. Immediately on returning home, I beer-google her using the search string 'Geeta XYZ Inc’.

• WHICH IS THE EARLIEST SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE?

The earliest social networking site was classmates.com which was established in 1995. It introduced the concept of user profiles and of short messages sent and received by friends on the website. The basic purpose was to keep in touch with old friends. Sixdegrees.com which came in 1997 is considered to be the first social networking website to have all features in one complete package.

• WHAT ARE APPLETS?

An applet is a little application. Prior to the World Wide Web, the built-in writing and drawing programmes that came with Windows were sometimes called applets. On the Web, using Java language, an applet is a small programme that can be sent along with a Web page to a user. Java applets can perform interactive animations, immediate calculations, or other simple tasks without having to send a user request back to the server.

• WHAT DOES BLOATWARE REFER TO?

Bloatware, also called junkware, adware and demoware, refers to pre-installed software and trial software that come with Windows computers. While it's a ploy to get consumers to buy the software, most users regard it as junk and get confused by various icons or toolbars that pop up on their computers. Bloatware can also clog up the system and slow it down.

• WHAT IS THE TIME PREFERENCE THEORY OF INTEREST?

The Time Preference Theory of Interest is also known as The Agio Theory of Interest. It was presented by Bohm Bawerk, who said that interest is an agio (reward) or (premium) for time preference. People prefer present income, present consumption and present satisfaction of wants, which means that people are impatient to spend. To induce them to postpone their consumption, they are to be compensated by paying interest. People prefer present to the future because future is uncertain and wants of today cannot be satisfied tomorrow. Irving Fisher improved upon this, stating, "The rate of time preference measures the rate of interest." The higher the time preference, the higher the impatience to spend, and hence, the higher the rate of interest; the lower the time preference, the lower the rate of interest. According to Fisher, people with low level of income, uncertain about their future and are spendthrifts will demand high rate of interest whereas their opposites will demand low amount of interest.

• WHY IS BLU-RAY DISC BLACK ON TOP?

The Blu-ray disc uses a blue technically violet) laser operating at a wavelength of 405 nanometre (nm) to read and write data. Conventional DVDs and CDs use red and near infrared lasers, at 650 nm and 780 nm respectively. Because the Blu-ray disc data layer is closer to the surface of the disc, compared to the DVD standard, it was at first more vulnerable to scratches. The first discs were housed in cartridges for protection. Now, the rewritable media are spin-coated with a scratch resistant and antistatic coating, which gives the surface of the disc its black colour.

• WHAT IS A GOOGLE BOMB?

A google bomb is an effort to inflate a website's search ranking for a particular term. Google gives importance to pages linking to a particular page for ranking purposes. In case of Google bombing, pranksters use a phrase to link to a particular page from their sites multiple times, to push that page to the top of search results.

• WHAT IS GRID COMPUTING?

Grid computing is a parallel processing architecture in which CPU resources are shared across a network, and all machines function as one large supercomputer. A wellknown example is the ongoing Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence in which thousands of people share the unused processor cycles of their PCs in the vast search for signs of rational signals from outer space.

• WHAT IS BLUEJACKING?

Bluetooth is a radio wireless technology that allows computers, cell phones, laptops, etc. to talk to each other in a limited range. Bluejacking is the term based on two words — bluetooth and hijack. It refers to sending unnecessary and anonymous messages by using bluetooth enabled devices as a contact.

• WHAT DOES PHARMING REFER TO?

Pharming involves rerouting the traffic of a particular website to a bogus one. This is done by exploiting the weaknesses of the site's Domain Name System server. Pharming poses major concerns to corporates and e-commerce sites.

• HOW MUCH DATA DOES THE INTERNET CONTAIN?

Estimating the data the Internet contains is complicated but there are a few estimates. According to one, the quantity is approximately equal to 500 crore pages. Another assesses the total amount of digital data in the world by 2010 would amount to 12 piles of pages, each of which would be twice as long as the distance between the Sun and Pluto.

• WHAT IS VIRAL MAIL?

A viral email is an online chain letter, which is sent from person to person, almost like ancient talking drums. The term 'viral' comes from virus, meaning pass-along. Viral mails are generally humourous in nature, which a person can forward to friends or they can be used to spread a socially important message that can reach across the world rapidly These mails are also used for commercial purposes — called viral marketing or advertising.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A COMPUTER SCREEN AND A GAMING CONSOLE?

The primary device for the PC is a keyboard and mouse, while all console systems come with game pads used to control movement within the game. Technically, a computer game can be thought of as one composed of a computer-controlled virtual universe. A video game is a computer game where a video display is the primary feedback, which is displayed on a television screen.

Posted in: java training| Tags: Format Quality water plant kookaburra compression mpeg sound acronym song

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Propagating an Exception in Enterprise Library

A frequently required exception-handling task is to allow the original exception to propagate up the call stack unchanged. You may want to do this because the handlers only perform actions such as logging that leave the exception unchanged or because other actions, such as wrapping and replacing, have been turned off. For example, a routine within a business logic component may log exceptions at the point where they are detected. It then propagates that exception to the caller for additional handling.

Typical Goals
You want to let an exception propagate up the call stack unchanged after the exception handler chain completes. Your application has code in its catch blocks similar to the following.

Note:
The code does not include the FormatException and Logger.Log methods. These methods represent typical application code to create and log a formatted exception message.

C# Copy Code 
catch(SomeException e)
{
    // Exception handling code to be done before propagating.
    string formattedInfo = FormatException(e);
    Logger.Log(e);
    throw e;
}

Visual Basic Copy Code 
Catch e As SomeException
  ' Exception handling code to be done before propagating.
  Dim formattedInfo As String = FormatException(e)
  Logger.Log(e)
  Throw e
End Try

QuickStart
For an extended example of how to use the Exception Handling Application Block to propagate the original exception, see the QuickStart walkthrough, Walkthrough: Propagating the Original Exception.

Solution
Configure the relevant exception type to use NotifyRethrow as its PostHandlingAction.

Propagating an Exception
The following procedure describes how to use the Exception Handling Block to propagate an exception.

To propagate an exception

Create an exception handling policy with the relevant exception types for your application. For more information, see Entering Configuration Information.
Configure the exception type. Specify the PostHandlingAction as NotifyRethrow. This causes the application block to return true to the application from the call to the HandleException method.
Modify your application code to execute the new policy when an exception occurs.
Examine the return value from the HandleException call. If the return value is true, execute a throw statement, as shown in the following code example.C# Copy Code 
try
{
  // Run code.
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
  bool rethrow = ExceptionPolicy.HandleException(ex, "Propagate Policy");
  if (rethrow)
  {
    // Throw original exception.
    throw;
  }
}

Visual Basic Copy Code 
Try
  ' Run code.
Catch ex As Exception
  Dim rethrow As Boolean = ExceptionPolicy.HandleException(ex, "Propagate Policy")
  If (rethrow) Then
    ' Throw original exception.
    Throw
  End If
End Try

Usage Notes
If you use the Unity Integration approach to create instances of objects from the Exception Handling Application Block, you must use the non-static façade named ExceptionManager instead of the ExceptionPolicy class static façade.

Posted in: Software C# and .NET| Tags: Format Enterprise Library Exception Propagating Propagate Call Stack Logger Usage Notes Boolean Rethrow

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Tip: jQuery AJAX calls to a WCF REST Service

WCF 3.5 includes REST functionality and one of the features of the new WCF webHttp binding is to return results in a variety of ways that are URL accessible. WCF has always supported plain URL HTTP access, but it's not been real formal and had somewhat limited functionality as parameters had to be encodable as query string parameters. With the webHttp binding there's now an official WCF protocol geared towards providing ASP.NET AJAX JSON compatibility (using WebScript behavior) as well of a slightly cleaner raw JSON implementation (basic webHttp binding).

You can return XML (default), JSON or raw data from WCF REST services. Regardless of content type, natively WCF always wants to return content in a 'wrapped' format which means that both inbound parameters and outbound results are wrapped into an object.

Let's take a look at the message format for a  REST JSON service method.

[ServiceContract(Name="StockService",Namespace="JsonStockService")]    

public interface IJsonStockService

{

    [OperationContract]          

    [WebInvoke(Method="POST",

               BodyStyle=WebMessageBodyStyle.Wrapped,

               ResponseFormat=WebMessageFormat.Json

    )]

    StockQuote GetStockQuote(string symbol);

..

The input message on the wire looks like this:

{"symbol":"MSFT"}

The response looks like this:

{"GetStockQuoteResult":

        {"Company":"MICROSOFT CP",

        "LastPrice":30.00,

        "LastQuoteTime":

        "\/Date(1208559600000-0700)\/",

        "LastQuoteTimeString":"Apr 18, 4:00PM",

        "NetChange":0.78,

        "OpenPrice":29.99,

        "Symbol":"MSFT"}

}

Notice that in both cases an object is used. For the inbound data all parameters are wrapped into an object and rather than just passing the value, the name of the parameter becomes a property in the JSON object map that gets sent to the server. This is actually quite useful - if you're just sending a raw JSON structure you could only pass a single parameter to the server - and that option is also available via the Web BodyStyle=WebMessageBodyStyle.Bare option on the service method.

The outbound result set is also wrapped into an object which is a lot less useful. This is a hold over from WCF which wraps all responses into a message result object, which usually makes sense in order to support multiple result values (ie. out parameters etc.). In a Web scenario however this doesn't really buy you much. Nevertheless if you want to pass multiple parameters to the server you have to use this wrapped format along with the result value.

Calling with jQuery

If you're using jQuery and you'd like to call a WCF REST service it's actually quite easy either with bare or wrapped messages. Bare messages are easier to work with since they skip the wrapping shown above, but as I mentioned you're limited to a single input parameter. So if your service has any complexity you'll likely want to use wrapped messages.

You can opt to either call services using the ASP.NET Ajax logic (WebScriptService behavior) or using the raw service functionality which is shown above.

To call these methods with jQuery is fairly straight forward in concept - jQuery includes both low level and highlevel methods that can call a URL and return JSON data. The two methods available are $.getJSON() which automatically parses result JSON data and $.ajax(), which is a lower level function that has many options for making remote calls and returning data.

getJSON() is useful for simple scenarios where the server returns JSON, but it doesn't allow you to pass JSON data TO the server. The only way to send data to the server with getJSON is via query string or POST data that is sent as standard POST key/value pairs. In all but the simplest scenarios getJSON() is not all that useful.

The lower level $.ajax method is more flexible, but even so it still lacks the capability to pass JSON data TO the server. So little extra work and some external JSON support is required to create JSON output on the client as well as dealing with Microsoft Ajax's date formatting.

Posted in: C# and .NET| Tags: Format Tip WCF ajax jQuery REST url webhttp json functionality content

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